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13FeaturedArticleTheTouroLawyerFall2012aboutintheentrenchedcampsurroundinghishutonDevilsx19Island.x1cIsawagainx1dhewroteinhismemoirsx1ctheseathatIhadnx19tseenformorethantwoyearsIsawagainthesparsegreeneryoftheislandsmyeyescouldrestonsomethingotherthanthefourwallsofmyhut.x1dTodaytheislandisovergrownwithvegetationbutatthattimeforsecuritypurposesitwascloselymownandpracticallybarrenwhichmadeconditionsallthemoregrueling.IspentlongmomentsinthesecellslookingwithgreatemotionatthewallswhichforsomanylongyearswerehisonlyhorizonandIcouldgaugethebrutalphysicalandmoraltorturesthathedescribes.AlfredDreyfuspersuadedbyhisbrotherx19sargumentsreluctantlyacceptedthepardon.WithJeanJaureshedraftedatexttobemadepublicx1cThegovernmentoftheRepublicisgivingmebackmyfreedom.Itisnothingtomewithouthonor.AsoftodayIwillcontinuetopursuethecorrectionofthedreadfuljudicialerrorofwhichIremainthevictim.IwantFrancetoknowthroughaconclusiveverdictthatIaminnocent.MyheartwillonlybeatpeacewhennotonesingleFrenchmanthinksmeresponsibleforacrimecommittedbyanother.x1dThepardonsoonfollowedbyanamnestyakindofquidproquocalledforbytheanti-DreyfusardscausedaschismintheDreyfusardcamp.TheauthorCharlesPeguywhonotlongbeforehadlavishedpraiseuponAlfredDreyfusexclaimedseveralyearslaterx1cWewouldhavediedforDreyfusDreyfusdidnx19tdieforDreyfus.x1dGeorgeClemenceauinajournalheeditedwroteonJuly21902x1cthatbecauseDreyfushadacceptedthepardonM.Waldeck-RousseauPrimeMinistercouldstopmovingtowardjusticewiththehelpofthedefendanthimself.x1dDreyfusrushedtoClemenceaux19shousetohavehimexplainthisincomprehensiblesentence.Clemenceausaidthatx1citwasnx19tcriticismbutratherhisopinionthatacceptanceofthepardonhadbeenthedeathoftheaffaireinpopularopinion.OfcoursehewasmistakenandIbelievedoublyso.HistoryhasamplyproventhattheaffairewasnotdeadandifDreyfushadrefusedthepardonandperishedinhisjailcellwouldtheposthumouscentenaryofhisrehabilitationeverhavebeencelebratedHenriBorlantasurvivorofthedeathcampsspokeinmanyschoolsduringthe1990saboutwhathehadlivedthroughattheendofthesedramaticpresentationstheyoungstudentswereaskedtowriteinanotebookwhattheyhadfelt.Onewrotesimplyx1cThankyouforsurviving.x1dIthinkthatsuchathankyoucouldalsobeaddressedtoAlfredDreyfusforwhomdeathduringhisyearsofexilewouldhavemeantdeliverance.Heoftenyearnedforitandhisenormousmeritwastolivetolivesothathishonorwouldberestoredtohimfortheloveofhiswifeandchildrenandforhisunwaveringfaithintheeventualtriumphofthetruth.IhavesaidthattherewereanalogiesbetweentheDreyfusandFrankcases.ButthereisonefundamentaldifferencewhentheyweregrantedpardonAlfredDreyfuswasstillalivebutLeoFrankhaddied.ThisishowAlfredDreyfuscouldfightsevenyearstoseehisinnocenceproclaimed.Assoonhishealthpermittedhedevotedallhisenergytofindx1cthenewfactx1dneededtochallengetheRennesverdictbeforetheSupremeCourtwhichfinallyhappenedonDecember251903fouryearsafterhissecondconviction.AlfredDreyfusspeaksofthisdailybattleinhisrecentlyreeditedCarnets.ThisispreciselythecampaignthatLeoFrankcouldnotwage.TheGeorgiaStateBoardofPardonsandParolesformallyacknowledgedthiswhenitpardonedhimonMarch111986onthesegroundsx1cWithoutattemptingtoaddressthequestionofguiltorinnocenceandinrecognitionofthestatex19sfailuretoprotectthepersonofLeoM.FrankandtherebytopreservehisopportunitytoappealhisconvictiontheBoardherebygrantstoLeoM.Frankapardon.x1dTodayweareattheEcoleMilitaireonlyafewdozenmetersfromthecourtyardwhereonJanuary51895beforeafrenziedcrowdAlfredDreyfusenduredthedreadfulordealofpublicdisgraceandalsonearthespotwhereonJuly201906hewasreinstatedintothearmyanddecoratedwiththeLegionofHonor.ThesetwoeventsareengravedonaplaqueunveiledbytheMinisterofDefensein1998whichbearsZolax19sfamousstatementx1cTruthisonthemarchandnothingwillstopit.x1dThisplaqueintributetoAlfredDreyfushangsinthevestibuleofoneofthemainentrancestotheEcoleMilitaireandIhopethatyouwillhaveanopportunitytogoseeitthere.IwillendmyremarksasIcustomarilydobyquotingafewlinesfrommygrandfatherx19smemoirs.AfterdescribingthissecondceremonyofreinstatementattheEcoleMilitaireheconcludesx1cItwasabeautifuldayofhealingforFranceandtheRepublic.Mycasewasatanend.Evenifallthosestillalivewhohadfoughtforjusticehadnotbeenabletoreaparewardforthesufferingtheywentthroughinthenameoftruththeywouldsurelyfinditinthequietsatisfactionoftheirownconscienceandintheesteemtheyearnedintheeyesoftheircontemporariesbecauseoftheirsacrifice.Andeveniftheyseemforgottenfatedidnotmistreatthembecausetheyfoughtnotonlyforaspecificcausebutalsocontributedinlargemeasuretooneofthemostcourageousstandsforjusticetheworldhaseverwitnessed--astandthatwillechofarintothefuturemarkingaturningpointinthehistoryofhumanityanenormoussteptowardaneraofimmenseprogressfortheideasoffreedomjusticeandsocialsolidarity.x1dCHARLESDREYFUSGrandsonofAlfredDreyfusVicePresidentofMaisonZola-MuseDreyfusCharlesDreyfuswasbornin1927andlivedinParisuntilthearmisticeof1940andtheoccupationofFrance.HisfamilythenmovedtoMarseillesintheso-calledfreezoneandthenwasx1cveryfortunatex1dtobeabletoemigratetoAmericainJune1942.Soonafterhis17thbirthdayheenlistedintheFrencharmyandafterashorttrainingperiodinFortMeadMarylandsailedforFrance.AfterthewarMr.Dreyfuscompletedhisstudiesandbeganhisprofessionallifeintheautomobileindustry.HelaterworkedinthepharmaceuticalindustryforanAmericanfirmwithresponsibilitiesinEuropeandAfricaandmademanyvisitstothecompanysheadquartersinNewYork.InthesecondhalfofhiscareerMr.Dreyfusreturnedtohisfamilystraditionalfieldtextiles.Atthetimeofhisretirementin1995hewasresponsibleforamediumsizespinningandweavingmilllocatedintheeastofFrancenotfarfromthebirthplaceofAlfredDreyfus.CharlesDreyfusisvice-presidentofMaisonZola-MuseDreyfus.TheTouroLawyerwishestothankCherylWeisbergfortranslatingthetextofMr.Dreyfusx19sspeechfromFrenchtoEnglish.